Address: Naberezhnaya Severnoy Dviny, 17, Arkhangelsk, 163002, Russian Federation, Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V.Lomonosov, office 1425

Phone: +7 (8182) 21-61-18
E-mail: forest@narfu.ru
http://lesnoizhurnal.ru/en/

Lesnoy Zhurnal

Cone Production and Cone Structure in the Clones from Mutational Witches’ Brooms of Siberian Stone Pine

Версия для печати

O.I. Polyakova, Е.А. Zhuk, S.N. Goroshkevich

Complete text of the article:

Download article (pdf, 0.7MB )

UDС

630*165.43:581.471

DOI:

10.17238/issn0536-1036.2019.5.25

Abstract

Mutational witches’ broom (WB) is a fragment of tree crown with abnormal morphogenesis, including slow growth, abundant branching, reduced apical dominance and often abundant seed production. Mutational WBs are the main source of ornamental dwarf grafting conifer cultivars. Siberian stone pine, like other conifers, is capable of forming mutational WBs. In order to reveal how the mutation affects the development of WB cones an analysis of the cone yield and cone size and structure in 20 WB clones was made, and they were compared with a mean normal Siberian stone pine cone with length 9 cm, width 6 cm, 57 seeds per cone and the proportion of the medial fertile zone 39.1–60.3% of the total number of scales. WB clones had a different number of cones. Thirteen-year old clones had 13 cones in average. All cone traits varied greatly among the WB clones. Three clones had shortest cones, their length was less than 3 cm. Two of the clones also had the smallest diameter, 2.3 and 2.2 cm, respectively. Four clones had relatively large cones, longer than 4 cm, and diameter 3.4 cm. The fertile zone in the cones of WB clones was from 27.8% to 55.6% from the total number of scales, i.e. only slightly smaller than that in normal cones. The cones contained 40–60 ovules, which gave rise to less than 20 seeds in 20% of the clones, and more than 40 seeds per cone in 15% of the clones, which is a third less than that in normal Siberian stone pine trees. The number of aborted seeds after pollination in cones was almost not high for all clones, however, for some, the proportion of aborted seeds was up to 30% of the total number of seeds per cone. Thus, the cones in WB clones were 2–3 times smaller, and they were generally inferior to normal Siberian stone pine cones, but the yield in WB clones was quite high. At the same time, the WB clones were highly variable in yield and cone quality. Only individual clones with good yield and relatively large cones can be promising for breeding as nut-bearing cultivars. Due to the negative WB crown density on the number and size of their cones, in most cases, the presence and abundance of cones can only serve as an additional feature that enhances the ornamental value of dwarf graft cultivars of Siberian stone pine. At the same time, all WB clones were fertile and could be used for cross-breeding and further selection work.

Authors

O.I. Polyakova, Postgraduate Student; ResearcherID: K-7513-2017; ORCID: 0000-0002-6096-9070
Е.А. Zhuk, Candidate of Biology; ResearcherID: N-1566-2015; ORCID: 0000-0003-1135-6240
S.N. Goroshkevich, Doctor of Biology; ResearcherID: I-5084-2018; ORCID: 0000-0003-0805-8656

Affiliation

Institute of Monitoring of Climatic and Ecological Systems of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, prosp. Akademicheskiy 10/3, Tomsk, 634055, Russian Federation; е-mail: polyakova_olga93@mail.rueazhuk@yandex.rugorosh@imces.ru

Keywords

mutational witches’ broom, somatic mutation, Pinus sibirica, full-grown seeds

For citation

Polyakova O.I., Zhuk Е.А., Goroshkevich S.N. Cone production and cone structure in the clones from mutational witches’ brooms of Siberian stone pine. Lesnoy Zhurnal [Forestry Journal], 2019, no. 5, pp. 25–34. DOI: 10.17238/issn0536-1036.2019.5.25

References

  1. Goroshkevich S.N. Dynamics of Growth and Seed Production in the Siberian Stone Pine: The level and pattern of variation in characters. Rossiyskiy zhurnal ekologii, 2008, vol. 39, no. 3, pp. 168–175.

  2. Koropachinskiy I.Y., Vstovskaya T.N. Woody Plants of the Asian Part of Russia. Novosibirsk, SB RAS Publ., Branch «Geo», 2002. 707 p.

  3. Noskov V.I., Negrutzkiy S.F. About Origin of Witches’ Brooms in Scotch Pine. Nauchnye zapiski Voronezhskogo lesotekhnicheskogo instituta, 1956, vol. 15, pp. 207–211.

  4. Yamburov M.S. Mutational witches’ brooms in some Pinaceae species: Cand. Biol. Diss. Tomsk, 2010. 133 p.

  5. Yamburov M.S., Goroshkevich S.N. Witches’-brooms in Siberian Stone Pine as Somatic Mutations: Occurrence, Features and Possibility of Using in Breeding Programs. Khvoynyye boreal’noy zony, 2007, vol. 24, no. 2–3, pp. 317–324.

  6. Bertaccini A. Phytoplasmas: Diversity, Taxonomy, and Epidemiology. Frontiers in Bioscience. 2007, vol. 12, pp. 673–689.

  7. Brown C.L., Sommer H.E., Wetzstein H. Morphological and Histological Differences in the Development of Dwarf Mutants of Sexual and Somatic Origin in Diverse Woody Taxa // Trees, 1994, vol. 9, iss. 2, pp. 61–66.

  8. Buckland D.C., Kuijt J. Unexplained Brooming of Douglas-fir and Other Conifers in British Columbia and Alberta. Forest Science, 1957, vol. 3, iss. 3, pp. 236–242.

  9. Duffield J., Wheat J. Dwarf Seedlings From Broomed Douglas-fir. Silvae Genet, 1963, vol. 12, pp. 129–133.

  10. Farjon A. A Handbook of the World’s Conifer. 2nd edn. Leiden, Brill. 2017. 1154 p.

  11. Fordham A.J. Dwarf Conifers From Witches’-brooms. Arnoldia, 1967, vol. 27, pp. 29–50.

  12. Grasso V. Dwarf Seedlings From Witches’ Brooms of Pinus halepensis. Italia forestale e montana, 1969, vol. 24. pp. 241–245.

  13. Johnson A.G., Pauley S.S., Cromell W.H. Dwarf Seedlings From Witches’ Brooms in Jack Pine II. Minn For Notes, 1965, no. 163, p. 2.

  14. Johnson A.G., Pauley S.S., Cromell W.H. Pine Dwarf Segregates From Witches’- brooms. Proc Int Plant Propag Soc., 1968, vol. 18, pp. 265–270.

  15. Leslie A.B., Beaulieu J.M., Crane P.R., Donoghue M.J. Cone Size Is Related to Branching Architecture in Conifers. New Phytol., 2014, vol. 203, pp. 1119–1127. DOI: 10.1111/nph.12864

  16. Money N.P. Mushrooms: A Natural and Cultural History. London, Reaktion Books, 2017. 224 p.

  17. Polyakova O., Goroshkevich S., Zhuk E. Cone Structure and Seed Development in Grafted Witches’ Broom and normal crown clones from the same trees of Pinus sibirica // New Forests. 2019. Pp. 1–15. DOI: 10.1007/s11056-018-09700-x

  18. Rudolph T.D., O’Malley D.M., Reed E.A. Potential for Indirect Selection of Rescued Jack Pine Embryos Based upon Linkage Between Seedling Dwarfism and Megagametophyte Allozymes. Proceedings of the North Central Tree Improvement Conference, 1983, pp. 162–174.

  19. Seo J.K., Kim M.K., Kwak H.R., Kim J.S., Choi H.S. Complete Genome Sequence of Longan Witches’ Broom-associated Virus, a Novel Member of the Family Potyviridae. Archives of Virology, 2017, vol. 162, iss. 9, pp. 2885–2889. DOI: 10.1007/s00705-017-3405-2

  20. Sugio A., MacLean A.M., Kingdom H.N., Grieve V.M., Manimekalai R., Hogenhout S.A. Diverse Targets of Phytoplasma Effectors: from Plant Development to Defense Against Insects. Annual Review of Phytopathology, 2011, vol. 49. pp. 175–195. DOI: 10.1146/annurev-phyto-072910-095323

  21. Vasilyeva G.V., Zhuk E.A. Needle Structure of Mutational Witches’ Brooms in Pinus sibirica. Dendrologiya, 2016, vol. 75, pp. 79–85. DOI: 10.12657/denbio.075.008

  22. Vorobyev V.N., Goroshkevich S.N., Savchuk D.A. Method of Retrospective Study of Seminiference Dynamics in Pinaceae. Proceedings of the International Workshop on Subalpine Stone Pines and their Environment: the Status of our Knowledge. Ogden, 1994, pp. 201–204.

  23. Vrgoc P. Cluster Analysis of Height and Crown Density of Aleppo Pine (Pinus halepensis Mill.) Witches Brooms Progenies. Ann For., 1999, vol. 24, pp. 24–57.

  24. Vrgoc P. Witches’ Broom of Aleppo Pine (Pinus halepensis Mill.) and its Use for New Ornamentals. Acta Hort, 2002, vol. 29, pp. 199–205. DOI: 10.17660/ActaHortic. 2002.572.23

  25. Waxman S. Witches’-brooms’ Sources of New and Interesting Dwarf Forms of Picea, Pinus, and Tsuga Species. Acta Hortic Symp Propag Arboric, 1975, vol. 54, pp. 25–32. DOI: 10.17660/ActaHortic.1975.54.3

  26. Yamburov, M.S., Goroshkevich, S.N. Witches’ brooms in Siberian stone pine as somatic mutations and initial genetic material for breeding of nut-bearing and ornamental cultivars. Annals of Forest Research, [S.l.], p. 165–166, feb. 2008. ISSN 20652445. Available at: http://www.afrjournal.org/index.php/afr/article/view/162. Date accessed: 09 Sep. 2019. doi : 10.15287/afr.2008.162

  27. Zhuk E., Vasilyeva G., Goroshkevich S. Witches’ Broom and Normal Crown Clones from the Same Trees of Pinus sibirica: a Comparative Morphological Study. Trees, 2015, vol. 29, iss.4., pp. 1079–1090. DOI: 10.1007/s00468-015-1187-2

Received on August 2, 2019



Cone Production and Cone Structure in the Clones from Mutational Witches’ Brooms of Siberian Stone Pine

 

Make a Submission


ADP_cert_2024.png

Lesnoy Zhurnal (Russian Forestry Journal) was awarded the "Seal of Recognition for Active Data Provider of the Year 2024"

INDEXED IN: 


DOAJ_logo-colour.png

logotype.png

Логотип.png