Address: Naberezhnaya Severnoy Dviny, 17, Arkhangelsk, 163002, Russian Federation, Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V.Lomonosov, office 1425

Phone: +7 (8182) 21-61-18
E-mail: forest@narfu.ru
http://lesnoizhurnal.ru/en/

Lesnoy Zhurnal

Cutting of Round Timber with Heart Rot to Structural Lumber

Версия для печати

А.S. Toropov, V.Е. Byzov, Е.V. Toropova, А.V. Sergeevichev, E.V. Sazanova

Complete text of the article:

Download article (pdf, 0.5MB )

UDС

674.06

Abstract

Softwood lumber is widely used for the manufacture of load-bearing structures. However, the quality of round timber for lumber manufacturing has been deteriorating recently. The average diameter of round timber entering sawmills is constantly decreasing, and heart rot is common in large-diameter round timber. This is due to the fact that more and more conifers in the forest are being affected by heart rot. The rot infestation is related to the deterioration of the ecological situation caused by environmental pollution. As a rule, the removal of rot occurs at the stage of round timber harvesting. Therefore, during harvesting, most of the wood with heart rot continues to remain in the forest. In addition to littering the area, it continues to infect sound wood. At the same time, together with the wood affected by rot, the sound sapwood, which has good strength characteristics, is also removed. A method for processing round timber with heart rot into elements of load-bearing structures is proposed. In particular, a technological scheme for manufacturing I-beams from such timber has been developed for low-rise house construction. Corner elements are produced as a result of cutting round timber and removing heart rot by milling. The corner elements are dried in clamped state using special devices. Then they are glued together to obtain beams with a cross-section in the form of an I-beam. A set of equipment for the processing round timber with heart rot was selected. The paper presents the results of calculating the costs for organizing the production. The effectiveness of the technological project is evaluated using the method of discounted cashflows by the following indicators: net present value, profitability index, and discounted payback period. The assessment results confirm the effectiveness of the production organization of load-bearing structures made of round timber affected by heart rot. The processing of wood that remains in the forest into elements of building structures not only increases the wood reserves for construction, but also creates conditions for improving the ecological situation in forest areas.

Authors

Aleksandr S. Тoropov1, Doctor of Engineering, Prof.; ResearcherIDAAA-8881-2021, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4414-2505
Viktor Е. Byzov2, Candidate of Engineering, Assoc. Prof.; ResearcherIDABC-4527 2020, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2078-5226
Evgeniya V. Тоropova1, Candidate of Economics, Prof.; ORCIDhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5219-1783
Alexander V. Sergeevichev3, Doctor of Engineering, Prof.; ResearcherIDABC-2274-2020, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3655-207X
Ekaterina V. Sazanova4, Candidate of Economics, Assoc. Prof.; ResearcherIDG-8650-2019, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5731-7517

Affiliation

1Volga State University of Technology, pl. Lenina, 3, Yoshkar-Ola, Mari El Republic, 424000, Russian Federation; e-mail: Toropov_A_S@mail.ruef@volgatech.net
2Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, 2-ya Krasnoarmeyskaya ul., 4, Saint Petersburg, 190005, Russian Federation; e-mail: mapana@inbox.ru
3Saint-Petersburg State Forest Technical University named after S.M. Kirov, Institutskiy per., 5, Saint Petersburg, 194021, Russian Federation; e-mail: 910sav@gmail.com
4Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Naberezhnaya Severnoy Dviny, 17, Arkhangelsk, 163002, Russian Federation; e-mail: e.sazanova@narfu.ru

Keywords

round timber, heart rot, corner elements, load-bearing structures, I-beams, low-rise wooden house construction

For citation

Toropov А.S., Byzov V.Е., Toropova Е.V., Sergeevichev А.V., Sazanova E.V. Cutting of Round Timber with Heart Rot to Structural Lumber. Lesnoy Zhurnal [Russian Forestry Journal], 2021, no. 6, pp. 160–172. DOI: 10.37482/0536-1036-2021-6-160-172

References

1. Воронцов Ю.Ф., Суровцева Л.С. Эффективность специализации лесопильных предприятий по группам диаметров пиловочного сырья // Изв. вуов. Лесн. журн. 2002. № 5. С. 90–94. Vorontsov Yu.F., Surovtseva L.S. Efficiency of Sawmills’ Specialization according to Diameter Groups of Sawn Raw Material. Lesnoy Zhurnal [Russian Forestry Journal], 2002, no. 5, pp. 90–94. URL: http://lesnoizhurnal.ru/upload/iblock/12b/12b10b1bb05d1d181119f823c0adbc09.pdf

2. Воронцова Н.А., Филатов Н.В., Шестопалов Е.Г. Использование клеефанерных элементов с перфорированными стенками в конструкциях малоэтажных деревянных зданий // Вологдинские чтения. 2012. № 80. С. 74–76. Vorontsova N.A., Filatov N.V., Shestopalov E.G. Use of Cell Kleefanernyh with Perforated Walls in Building Structures Low-Rise Wooden. Vologdinskiye chteniya, 2012, no. 80, pp. 74–76.

3. Карельский А.В., Журавлева Т.П., Лабудин Б.В. Испытание на изгиб деревянных составных балок, соединенных металлическими зубчатыми пластинами, разрушающей нагрузкой // Инж.-строит. журн. 2015. № 2(54). С. 77–85. Karelskiy A.V., Zhuravleva T.P., Labudin B.V. Load-to Failure Bending Test of Wood Composite Beams Connected by Gang Nail. Inzhenerno-stroitel’nyy zhurnal [Magazine of Civil Engineering], 2015, no. 2(54), pp. 77–85. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5862/MCE.54.9

4. Кузнецов И.Л., Гимранов Л.Р., Крайнов И.В. Разработка и исследование клеефанерной двутавровой балки // Изв. Казан. ГАСУ. 2013. № 2(24). С. 108–112. Kuznetsov I.L., Gimranov L.R., Kraynov I.V. Development and Research of Glue-Laminated Plywood I-Beam. Izvestiya Kazanskogo gosudarstvennogo arkhitekturno-stroitel’nogo universiteta [News of the Kazan State University of Architecture and Engineering], 2013, no. 2(24), pp. 108–112.

5. Синцов A.В., Синцов В.П. Прочность и деформативность составной деревянной балки со стенкой из ориентированной стружечной плиты // Строительство и техногенная безопасность. 2014. № 50. С. 152–158. Sintsov A.V., Sintsov V.P. Strength and Deformability of a Composite Wooden Beam with an Oriented Strand Board Wall. Stroitel’stvo i tekhnogennaya bezopasnost’ [Construction and industrial safety], 2014, no. 50, pp. 152–158. DOI: https://doi.org/10.37279/2413-1873

6. Сутягин В.Ю. Нюансы оценки инвестиционных проектов // Социально-экономические явления и процессы. 2014. Т. 9. № 10. С. 87–101. Sutyagin V.Yu. Nuances of the Assessment of Investment Projects. Sotsial’no-ekonomicheskiye yavleniya i protsessy [Social-Economic Phenomena and Processes], 2014, vol. 9, no. 10, pp. 87–101.

7. Торопов А.С., Бызов В.Е., Торопов С.А. Производство пиломатериалов для строительства из круглых лесоматериалов с ядровой гнилью // Изв. вузов. Лесн. журн. 2019. № 4. С. 133–145. Toropov A.S., Byzov V.E., Toropov S.A. Lumber Production for Construction from Round Timber with Heart Rot. Lesnoy Zhurnal [Russian Forestry Journal],, no. 4, pp. 133–145. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17238/issn0536-1036.2019.4.133

8. Торопов А.С., Торопов С.А., Микрюкова Е.В. Исследование пораженности древесины напенной гнилью // Изв. вузов. Лесн. журн. 2009. № 4. С. 95–100. Toropov A.S., Toropov S.A., Mikryukova E.V. Investigation of Wood Affected by Stump Rot. Lesnoy Zhurnal [Russian Forestry Journal], 2009, no. 4, pp. 95–100. URL: http://lesnoizhurnal.ru/upload/iblock/eb2/eb2a4ad3da8cb6509a4164b19962c3e3.pdf

9. Туснин А.Р., Прокич М. Экспериментальные исследования работы балок двутаврового сечения при действии изгиба и кручения // Инж.-строит. журн. 2015. № 1(53). С. 24–31. Tusnin A.R., Prokic M. Experimental Research of I-Beams under Bending and Torsion Actions. Inzhenerno-stroitel’nyy zhurnal [Magazine of Civil Engineering], 2015, no. 1(53), pp. 24–31. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5862/MCE.53.3

10. Benjeddou O., Limam O., Ouezdou M.B. Experimental and Theoretical Study of a Foldable Composite Beam. Engineering Structures, 2012, vol. 44, pp. 312–321. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2012.06.011

11. Byzov V.E. Wooden I-Beams Made of Round Timber with a Core Rot. American Journal of Construction and Building Materials, 2018, vol. 2, iss. 1, pp. 16–21. DOI: https:// doi.org/10.11648/j.ajcbm.20180201.13

12. Byzov V.E., Melekhov V.I., Toropov A.S. Production of Wooden I-Beams from Angular Elements for Low-Rise Housing. IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2020, vol. 896, art. 012048. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/896/1/012048

13. Challamel N., Girhammar U.A. Lateral-Torsional Buckling of Vertically Layered Composite Beams with Interlayer Slip under Uniform Moment. Engineering Structures,, vol. 34, pp. 505–513. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2011.10.004

14. Fernando D., Frangi A., Kobel P. Behavior of Basalt Fiber Reinforced Polymer Strengthened Timber Laminates under Tensile Loading. Engineering Structures, 2016, vol. 117, pp. 437–456. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2016.03.009

15. Harte A., Baylor G. Structural Evaluation of Castellated Timber I-Joists. Engineering Structures, 2011, vol. 33, iss. 12, pp. 3748–3754. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2011.08.011

16. Hu C., Xiao M., Zhou H., Wen W., Yun H. Damage Detection of Wood Beams Using the Differences in Local Modal Flexibility. Journal of Wood Science, 2011, vol. 57, pp. 479–483. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10086-011-1200-3

17. Khorsandnia N., Valipour H., Crews K. Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis of Timber Beams and Joints Using the Layered Approach and Hypoelastic Constitutive Law. Engineering Structures, 2013, vol. 46, pp. 606–614. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2012.08.017

18. O’Loinsigh C., Oudjene M., Shotton E., Pizzi A., Fanning P. Mechanical Behavior and 3D Stress Analysis of Multi-Layered Wooden Beams Made with Welded-Through Wood Dowels. Composite Structures, 2012, vol. 94, iss. 2, pp. 313–321. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2011.08.029

19. Rassokhin A.S., Ponomarev A.N., Figovskiy O.L. Ultra-Light Hybrid Composite Wood-Polymer Structural Materials in Construction. Inzhenerno-stroitel’nyy zhurnal [Magazine of Civil Engineering], 2018, no. 3(79), pp. 132–139. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18720/MCE.79.14

20. Toropov A.S., Byzov V.E., Melekhov V.I. Manufacturing Structural Building Components from Round Timber with Heartwood Rot. Inzhenerno-stroitel’nyy zhurnal [Magazine of Civil Engineering], 2019, vol. 86(2), pp. 11–19. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18720/MCE.86.2

21. Toropov A.S., Byzov V.E., Melekhov V.I. Deformations during Drying of Wooden Corner Elements of I-Beams. Inzhenerno-stroitel’nyy zhurnal [Magazine of Civil Engineering], 2020, no. 99(7), art. 9913. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18720/MCE.99.13


Cutting of Round Timber with Heart Rot to Structural Lumber

 

Make a Submission


ADP_cert_2024.png

Lesnoy Zhurnal (Russian Forestry Journal) was awarded the "Seal of Recognition for Active Data Provider of the Year 2024"

INDEXED IN: 


DOAJ_logo-colour.png

logotype.png

Логотип.png